Citation

Kiefer RJ, Leblanc DJ, Flannagan CA. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2005; 37(2): 295-303.

Affiliation

General Motors Structure and Safety Integration Center, Engineering Building 1-11, MC 480111S56, 30200 Mound Road, Warren, MI 48090-9010, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.aap.2004.09.003

PMID

15667816

Abstract

Drivers were asked to execute last-second braking and steering maneuvers while approaching a surrogate target lead vehicle. This surrogate target was designed to allow safely placing naive drivers in controlled, realistic rear-end crash scenarios under test track conditions. Maneuver intensity instructions were varied so that drivers' perceptions of normal and non-normal braking envelopes could be properly identified and modeled for forward collision warning timing purposes. The database modeled includes 3536 last-second braking judgment trials. A promising inverse time-to-collision model was developed, which assumes that the driver deceleration response in response to a crash alert is based on an inverse time-to-collision threshold that decreases linearly with driver speed.