Citation

Holmes MR, King JA, Miller EK, King-White DL, Korsch-Williams AE, Johnson EM, Oliver TS, Conard IT. Behav. Sci. (Basel) 2023; 13(5).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/bs13050394

PMID

37232631

PMCID

PMC10215495

Abstract

Exposure to adversity and traumatic events affects well-being across important domains of functioning, including mental, physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and neurobiological. Situated as a focal point throughout neighborhoods, recreation centers are a prime opportunity to cultivate spaces of safety and healing. However, current models of trauma-informed care largely do not map neatly onto the recreation organizational structure and functioning. This paper describes the efforts over the past five years to transform the City of Cleveland, Ohio's 22 recreation centers into trauma-informed Neighborhood Resource and Recreation Centers (NRRCs)--places where children, youth, and adults can readily acquire the support and services they need in an environment in which trauma-informed care principles are fully embedded in the fabric of the organization's culture. Phase 1 included transitioning the recreation centers to NRRCs, hiring of trained social workers and counselors to work within the recreation centers, and training all recreation staff about trauma. Phase 2 included development of NRRC trauma-informed standards, development of the Trauma-Informed Progress Tool to track change over time, development of Trauma-Informed Leadership Competencies for Center Managers, and ongoing training for the social workers and counselors. We discuss ideas for future work and lessons learned from each phase.

Language: en

Keywords

community; intervention; adverse childhood experiences; leadership development; organizational-culture; organizations; parks and recreation; systems change; trauma-informed care; trauma-informed models