Citation

Konrád P, Hála P, Schmidt J, Zemanová A, Sovják R. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15(23): e8342.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/ma15238342

PMID

36499837

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the performance of laminated glass against ballistic loading and investigates its residual load-bearing capacity. Two groups of specimens were used in quasi-static four-point bending experiments, first without prior ballistic damage and then with it. The main objective was to compare the load-bearing capacity of these two groups to see the effect of ballistic damage. Three different layer compositions were used. The ballistic loading was conducted using an in-service 9 mm bullet fired from a semiautomatic carbine with the glass specimens hanging on steel ropes in a free boundary setup. Numerical simulation and analytical methods were used and validated against the measured response of the undamaged specimens. The simulations were in good agreement with the experimental results. All of the glass specimens were able to withstand the ballistic loading, and the subsequent performance during the quasi-static bending loading was similar to that of the undamaged specimens. The quality of the glass edges seemed to be more important than ballistic damage. The front-plate damage played a negligible role, and the back-plate damage needed to be extensive to influence subsequent performance. Provided that ballistic damage is mainly localized only to the centers of the plates, it did not affect the post-impact loading capacity.

Language: en

Keywords

impact; 9 mm; analytical; ballistic; bending; glass; laminated; residual; simulations