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Abstract
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to clarify the competencies required for occupational health professionals in disaster management based on their personal experiences of workplaces damaged by the Kumamoto earthquakes.
METHODS: This study adopted a qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. The study participants included eight occupational health professionals who had been engaged in occupational health practice at workplaces affected by the Kumamoto earthquakes and subsequently employed at the same workplace. Data analyses were performed using a qualitative data analysis method. The researcher read transcripts of the interviews verbatim and extracted subcategories and categories, seeking points of commonality among homogeneous and heterogeneous elements while identifying content related to the competencies of the professionals during a disaster.
RESULTS: Nine categories and 29 subcategories were extracted. The following competencies were identified as skills required for occupational health professionals when a disaster occurred: "perceiving the essentials of the situation through a comprehensive understanding of the health impacts caused by disasters," "prioritizing tasks while appropriately understanding a situation that is changing over time," "starting from what one can do while ensuring one's own health and safety," "continuing occupational health practice by devising efficient approaches while flexibly responding to the situation," "creating an environment that enables each occupational health team member to fulfill their role," and "adjusting the positions of occupational health departments within organizations to utilize networks." The following competencies were identified as skills required for occupational health professionals' disaster response and preparedness: "having the essential personal qualities of occupational health professionals," "establishing relationships of trust with employees and companies," and "linking one's experience of a disaster to future occupational health practice." Conclusions: The competencies required for occupational health professionals in disaster management are disaster response and preparedness. Moreover, these aspects in disaster response and preparedness suggest that occupational health professionals are required to have strategic and creative thinking skills including organizational approaches such as boosting networking in the workplace and establishing employer-employee relationships based on multifaceted assessment and situational flexibility.
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本研究の目的は，熊本地震で被災した事業場の産業保健専門職が自身の経験を通じてとらえた，災害時に必要な産業保健専門職のコンピテンシーを明らかにすることである．対象と方法：研究デザインは質的記述的研究である．熊本地震に被災した事業場で産業保健実務に携わり，その後も同じ事業場に勤務する産業保健専門職8名を対象に，半構成的インタビューを実施した．データ分析はMilesらが示す質的データ分析のプロセスに沿って行った．インタビュー逐語録を精読し，災害時の産業保健専門職コンピテンシーに関する内容に着目しつつコード化した．災害サイクルによる対応の視点をふまえながら，コードの同質性，異質性から共通性を見出す中で抽象度を上げてサブカテゴリ，カテゴリを抽出した．分析には質的データソフトウェアNVivo12 Plus for WINDOWSを用いた．本研究は日本赤十字看護大学研究倫理審査委員会の承認を得て実施した（2018-083）．結果：災害時の産業保健専門職に必要なコンピテンシーとして29のサブカテゴリ，9つのカテゴリが抽出された．災害発生時に求められるコンピテンシーとして【災害によって生じる健康への影響を総合的に把握して本質を見抜く】【時間の経過とともに変わる状況を適切にアセスメントしながら業務の優先順位をつける】【自身の安全や健康を確保しつつできることから取り組み始める】【状況に柔軟に対応しながら効率的な方法を工夫し産業保健実践を継続する】【チームとして各々の役割を発揮できるよう環境を整え協調的な行動をとる】【組織内での産業保健部門の立ち位置を調整しネットワークを活用する】が示された．災害発生時に備え平時から求められるコンピテンシーとして【産業保健専門職の基盤となる個人特性を備え持つ】【社員や会社から信頼される関係性を築く】【災害時の経験を今後の産業保健実践につなげる】が明らかになった．結論：災害時に必要な産業保健専門職のコンピテンシーは，災害発生時に求められるものと発生時に備え平時から求められる2つの側面を有し，産業保健専門職としての多角的なアセスメント力と状況に応じた柔軟な実践力を基盤に，日々の産業保健実践の積み重ねによる事業者・労働者との関係性構築やネットワークによる組織的アプローチを含む，産業保健専門職の戦略的で創造的な思考力から構成されていることが示唆された．
Language: ja |