Citation

Gomez-Baya D, Reis M, Gaspar de Matos M. Scand. J. Psychol. 2019; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

Faculty of Human Kinetics and Institute of Environmental Health, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Scandinavian Psychological Associations, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/sjop.12577

PMID

31535399

Abstract

The framework of Positive Youth Development (PYD) arose from a strength-based conception of the transition to adulthood. Although previous literature has provided evidence for some PYD correlates, little is known about gender differences in PYD and its outcomes in thriving and social engagement, which could improve interventions" effectiveness. Thus, this study aimed to examine gender differences in PYD dimensions (i.e., competence, confidence, connection, caring, and character), individual thriving (i.e., psychological adjustment, academic adjustment, and healthy lifestyles) and social engagement, and to examine the associations between them. Data from the 'PYD in a Cross-National Perspective Project" in Spain were collected by administering a paper-based self-report to students from high school and university.

RESULTS showed greater scores in connection, caring, and character in women, as well as greater social engagement and academic adjustment. Men presented higher competence and confidence, more frequent physical activity and better psychological adjustment. In addition, more PYD was related to greater social engagement, better psychological and academic adjustment, and healthier lifestyles. Some practical implications for program design may be derived, which underscore the need to promote the five PYD dimensions equally in female and male youths in order to improve their individual thriving and social engagement.

© 2019 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Language: en

Keywords

Positive youth development; academic adjustment; lifestyles; psychological adjustment; social engagement; thriving