Citation

Bunker RJ, Sullivan JP. Small Wars Insurg. 2011; 22(5): 764-786.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2011, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)

DOI

10.1080/09592318.2011.620804

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

This essay addresses and integrates 'feral cities' with 'third phase cartel' and 'third generation gangs' (3GEN Gangs) research. The feral cities diagnostic tool will be expanded from three levels (green, yellow, and red) to five (adding purple and black). This will be accomplished by means of the addition of two new levels that model the shift from ferality (de-institutionalization) to criminal re-institutionalization of urban social and political structures around new patterns of living. Such processes set the stage for the projected emergence of the BlackFor (Black Force) within the Americas. BlackFor represents a confederation of illicit non-state actors - essentially a postmodern form of societal cancer - linked together by means of a network of criminalized and criminal (narco) cities as are now arising.

Language: en

Keywords

BlackFor; corruption; criminal insurgency; epochal change; feral cities; Mexican cartels; narcos; networks; third generation gangs; third phase cartels; urban terrorism