Citation

Yeung EW, Sin YW, Lui SR, Tsang TWT, Ng KW, Ma PK, Yeung SS, Woo PY, Ma TM. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 2018; 4(1): e000450.

Affiliation

Department of Clinical Psychology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Publisher BMJ Publishing Group)

DOI

10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000450

PMID

30305929

PMCID

PMC6173806

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd edition (SCAT3), a test for assessing athletes for concussion, into the Chinese context.

METHODS: Translation and adaptation were performed in several stages, which included forward translation by two independent teams, translation merging, backward translation, reviews by both native Cantonese-speaking and Mandarin-speaking multidisciplinary expert panels (n=49) for semantic and conceptual equivalence and reviews by pitch-side physiotherapists (n=18) as end-users of the SCAT3 and rugby players (n=11) for face validity. The Serial 3  s subtraction test was used as a substitute for the Months Backward Test (MBT) for measures of concentration in the Standardized Assessment of Concussion subscale. English-speaking and Chinese-speaking rugby players (n=52) were recruited to perform these tests to assess the level of difficulty, time for completion and accuracy. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were assessed in 33 and 38 healthy young individuals, respectively.

RESULTS: Despite the longer mean completion time (p<0.05) for the Serial 3  s test, no significant difference was found in the percentage accuracy between MBT and the Serial 3  s test. No significant difference was found in either the percentage accuracy or completion time between English-speaking and Cantonese-speaking rugby players. All subscales in the Chinese SCAT3 had excellent levels of inter-rater reliability for all items (ICC_2,1 range: 0.96-0.99) but a low to moderate test-retest reliability (ICC_3,2 range: 0.32-0.65). The mean completion time of the Chinese SCAT3 was 10.6±1.1  min.

CONCLUSION: Chinese SCAT3 is a valid instrument for pitch-side assessment of concussed Chinese-speaking athletes.

Language: en

Keywords

SCAT3; chinese translation; concussion; rugby players; sports injuries; traumatic brain injury; validation