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Citation
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Sawyer K, Bell KR, Ehde D, Temkin N, Dikmen S, Williams RM, Dillworth T, Hoffman JM. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2015; 96(11): 2000-2006. |
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Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: To examine headache trajectories among persons with mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) in the year following injury, and the relationship of headache trajectory to PTSD at one year post injury.
DESIGN: Prospective, Longitudinal study SETTING: Participants were recruited through a university medical center and participated in follow-up assessments by telephone. PARTICIPANTS: 212 prospectively enrolled individuals within one week of mTBI who were hospitalized for observation or other system injuries. Participants were assessed at baseline, three, six, and twelve months post-injury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants rated average headache pain intensity using the 0-10 numeric rating scale at each assessment period. The PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C) was completed at twelve months post-injury.
RESULTS: Latent Class Growth Analysis produced a four trajectory group model, with groups labeled Resolved, Worsening, Improving, and Chronic. Multivariate regression modeling revealed that younger age and premorbid headache correlated with membership in worse trajectory groups (Worsening and Chronic; p<.001). Univariate regression revealed a significant association between PTSD and membership in worse trajectory groups (p<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Headache is common in the year following mTBI, with younger people, persons who previously had headaches, and persons with PTSD more likely to report Chronic or Worsening headache. Further research is needed to examine whether PTSD symptoms exacerbate headaches, or whether problematic headache symptoms exacerbate PTSD.
Language: en |