Citation

Clarke MC, Tanskanen A, Huttunen MO, Cannon M. Schizophr. Res. 2013; 143(2-3): 363-366.

Affiliation

Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: maryclarke@rcsi.ie.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.schres.2012.11.024

PMID

23269226

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine if exposure to a severe, acute stressor during early development is associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared to exposure to a chronic stressor. DESIGN: We identified all those born in Helsinki between 1960 and 1990 whose father or sibling died between their conception and 5-years-of-age through linking two national registers: the Finnish Population Register and the Cause of Death Register. The reason for the death was also extracted from the Cause of Death Register. A third register, the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register, was used to determine psychiatric outcomes in adulthood. SAMPLE: 11,855 individuals whose father or sibling had died before they were 5-years-old. In total, 129 individuals had an ICD 8, 9 or 10 diagnosis of schizophrenia and 165 had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. 6136 individuals had a father or sibling who died from a sudden, external cause (e.g. accident or suicide) and 5719 individuals had father or sibling who died from a non-external, illness-associated cause. RESULTS: Sudden loss of a father or sibling led to a significantly greater risk of developing bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in adulthood compared to loss of a father or sibling from illness. These associations are independent of sex, parental history of psychiatric illness, age at exposure to loss and age at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our findings are in keeping with accumulating evidence which indicates that exposure to stress during early development can increase the risk of psychotic illness among those exposed.

Language: en