Citation

Kupper J, Reichert C. Ther. Umsch. 2009; 66(5): 343-348.

Vernacular Title

Vergiftungen mit Pflanzen.

Affiliation

Schweizerisches Toxikologisches Informationszentrum, Zürich.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2009, Verlag Hans Huber)

DOI

10.1024/0040-5930.66.5.343

PMID

19401984

Abstract

Ingestions of plants rarely lead to life-threatening intoxications. Highly toxic plants, which can cause death, are monkshood (Aconitum sp.), yew (Taxus sp.) and autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Lethal ingestions of monkshood and yew are usually suicides, intoxications with autumn crocus are mostly accidental ingestions of the leaves mistaken for wild garlic (Allium ursinum). Severe intoxications can occur with plants of the nightshade familiy like deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), angel's trumpet (Datura suaveo-lens) or jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). These plants are ingested for their psychoactive effects. Ingestion of plant material by children most often only causes minor symptoms or no symptoms at all, as children usually do not eat great quantities of the plants. They are especially attracted by the colorful berries. There are plants with mostly cardiovascular effects like monkshood, yew and Digitalis sp. Some of the most dangerous plants belong to this group. Plants of the nightshade family cause an anticholinergic syndrom. With golden chain (Laburnum anagyroides), castor bean (Ricinus communis) and raw beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) we see severe gastrointestinal effects. Autumn crocus contains a cell toxin, colchicin, which leads to multiorgan failure. Different plants are irritative or even caustic to the skin. Treatment is usually symptomatic. Activated charcoal is administered within one hour after ingestion (1g/kg). Endoscopic removal of plant material can be considered with ingestions of great quantities of highly toxic plants. Administration of repeated doses of charcoal (1-2g/h every 2-4hours) may be effective in case of oleander poisoning. There exist only two antidotes: Anti-digoxin Fab fragments can be used with cardenolide glycoside-containing plants (Digitalis sp., Oleander). Physo-stigmin is the antidote for severe anticholinergic symptomes of the CNS. Antibodies against colchicine, having been developped in France, are not available at the moment.

Language: de