Citation

Appel H, Kuehnel A, Stuertz G, Gloeckner H. Proc. Am. Assoc. Automot. Med. Annu. Conf. 1978; 22(2): 132-153.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1978, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

This paper discusses proposals for design elements of a pedestrian safety vehicle. The proposed countermeasures, minimizing the trauma at impact, are based on the evaluation of real accidents, on experimental and mathematical simulation. The in-depth studies of some 200 pedestrian accidents are evaluated primarily with respect to the aggressiveness of car parts by combining injury frequency with injury severity, resulting in accumulative social costs; thereby distinguishing between children and adults and between different front shapes of the involved cars. The simulations serve for the kinematics and dynamics of pedestrian collisions, e.g. for impact points or dummy loadings dependent on parameters like dummy's height, front end design, and velocities of car and dummy. The countermeasures are systematically classified and ranked by estimating effectiveness and practicability.