Citation

Cacciola JS, Koppenhaver JM, Alterman AI, McKay JR. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009; 101(1-2): 27-33.

Affiliation

The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; The Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19106, United States.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2009, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.018

PMID

19062202

PMCID

PMC3068017

Abstract

Studies demonstrating greater problem severity in substance abuse patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) versus those without have rarely considered other co-occurring psychiatric disorders. This study of 466 male veterans recently admitted to outpatient substance abuse treatment attempts to identify problems associated with PTSD versus those associated with other nonsubstance use Axis I disorders. Problem severity, particularly psychiatric, was examined across four groups of patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). Those with: 1, SUDs only (SU-Only); 2, PTSD, but no other Axis I disorders (SU+PTSD); 3, PTSD and other Axis I disorders (SU+PTSD+Axis I); and 4, no PTSD, but other Axis I disorders (SU+other Axis I). Results suggested a hierarchy of psychiatric, and to a lesser extent, other life problem severities associated with these diagnostic groupings. The most severe group was SU+PTSD+Axis I, followed in decreasing severity by the SU+other Axis I, SU+PTSD, and SU-Only groups. Additional analyses comparing the SU+PTSD+Axis I patients with a subgroup of Axis I patients with more than one Axis I disorder (SU+multiple Axis I) revealed few group differences except for more lifetime suicide attempts and psychiatric hospitalizations in the SU+PTSD+Axis I group. The findings suggest that it is not PTSD per se, but the frequent co-occurrence of PTSD and other psychopathology that largely accounts for previously reported greater problem severity of SUD patients with PTSD.

Language: en