Citation

Wang X, Luo H, Peng X, Chen J. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2024; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2024, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116465

PMID

39102991

Abstract

In sensory neurons that transmit pain signals, whether acute or chronic, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are crucial for regulating excitability. Na(V)1.1, Na(V)1.3, Na(V)1.6, Na(V)1.7, Na(V)1.8, and Na(V)1.9 have been demonstrated and defined their functional roles in pain signaling based on their biophysical properties and distinct patterns of expression in each subtype of sensory neurons. Scorpions and spiders are traditional Chinese medicinal materials, belonging to the arachnid class. Most of the studied species of them have evolved venom peptides that exhibit a wide variety of knottins specifically targeting VGSCs with subtype selectivity and conformational specificity. This review provides an overview on the exquisite knottins from scorpion and spider venoms targeting pain-related Na(V) channels, describing the sequences and the structural features as well as molecular determinants that influence their selectivity on special subtype and at particular conformation, with an aim for the development of novel research tools on Na(V) channels and analgesics with minimal adverse effects.

Language: en

Keywords

Pain; Knottins; Scorpion venom; Spider venom; Voltage-gated sodium channel