Citation

North CS, Surís A, McDonald K. J. Emerg. Manag. 2024; 22(3): 261-274.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2024, Weston Medical Publishing)

DOI

10.5055/jem.0803

PMID

39017599

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Most research examining first responders of terrorist incidents has been conducted in early post-disaster periods, utilized quantitative research methods, and focused on psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress.

METHODS: Longitudinal follow-up assessments of 124 workers from 181 baseline volunteer rescue and recovery workers originally studied were completed nearly a quarter century after the terrorist bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Open-ended qualitative interviews were used in the follow-up study.

RESULTS: The rescue and recovery work, vividly described decades later, was gruesome. These workers' descriptions captured their mental toughness and their professional missions, as well as the emotional and mental health (MH) toll on their lives.

CONCLUSIONS: The extreme nature of rescue and recovery work in the aftermath of terrorism suggests potential utility for MH interventions to address the psychological toll that can be expected of human beings under the most extraordinary circumstances.

Language: en

Keywords

Humans; Adult; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Interviews as Topic; Rescue Work; Longitudinal Studies; Follow-Up Studies; *Emergency Responders/psychology; *Terrorism/psychology; Bombs; Narration; Oklahoma; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology