Citation

Onookome-Okome T, Gorondensky J, Rose E, Sauer J, Lum K, Moodie EEM. J. Ethn. Crim. Justice 2022; 20(2): 142-164.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)

DOI

10.1080/15377938.2022.2086192

PMID

38957609

PMCID

PMC11219026

Abstract

The murder of George Floyd centered Minneapolis, Minnesota, in conversations on racial injustice in the US. We leverage open data from the Minneapolis Police Department to analyze individual, geographic, and temporal patterns in more than 170,000 police stops since 2016. We evaluate person and vehicle searches at the individual level by race using generalized estimating equations with neighborhood clustering, directly addressing neighborhood differences in police activity. Minneapolis exhibits clear patterns of disproportionate policing by race, wherein Black people are searched at higher rates compared to White people. Temporal visualizations indicate that police stops declined following the murder of George Floyd. This analysis provides contemporary evidence on the state of policing for a major metropolitan area in the United States.

Language: en

Keywords

Race; Clustered data; Generalized Estimating Equations; Police stops and searches; Racial bias