Citation

Pei Z, Zhao W, Hu L, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Wu Y, Jin X. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24(11).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2024, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s24113688

PMID

38894477

PMCID

PMC11175271

Abstract

In the field of armored vehicles, up to 70% of accidents are associated with low levels of situational awareness among the occupants, highlighting the importance of situational awareness in improving task performance. In this study, we explored the mechanisms influencing situational awareness by simulating an armored vehicle driving platform with 14 levels of experimentation in terms of five factors: experience, expectations, attention, the cueing channel, and automation. The experimental data included SART and SAGAT questionnaire scores, eye movement indicators, and electrocardiographic and electrodermal signals. Data processing and analysis revealed the following conclusions: (1) Experienced operators have higher levels of situational awareness. (2) Operators with certain expectations have lower levels of situational awareness. (3) Situational awareness levels are negatively correlated with information importance affiliations and the frequency of anomalous information in non-primary tasks. (4) Dual-channel cues lead to higher levels of situational awareness than single-channel cues. (5) Operators' situational awareness is lower at high automation levels.

Language: en

Keywords

Humans; Adult; Female; Male; Automation; Automobiles; Young Adult; Task Performance and Analysis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Cues; eye movements; *Automobile Driving; Attention/physiology; *Awareness/physiology; Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control; armored vehicles; attentional resource allocation; Electrocardiography/methods; ergonomics; Eye Movements/physiology; situational awareness