Citation

Kaplan B, Hardesty JJ, Martini S, Megatsari H, Kennedy RD, Cohen JE. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019; 16(21): e4287.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/ijerph16214287

PMID

31694236

PMCID

PMC6862042

Abstract

This study sought to assess the effectiveness of religious cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) in Indonesia, a country with a high public health burden from tobacco use. The study tested different religious and nonreligious messages related to suicide, secondhand smoke (SHS) and gangrene. Participants were smokers and non-smokers from Surabaya, Indonesia (n = 817). Participants rated each HWL for its effectiveness on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = "not at all", 10 = "extremely") with respect to 10 items. Nonreligious HWLs were marginally superior for SHS and suicide while religious HWLs were marginally superior for gangrene. Given the close rating scores between religious and nonreligious HWLs, they were functionally equal in effectiveness. With proper assessment of potential unintended consequences, the implementation of religious HWLs could be considered for a proportion of HWLs.

Language: en

Keywords

Humans; Religion and Medicine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Aged; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Indonesia; tobacco control; Tobacco Products; Product Labeling; Smoking Cessation; spiritual messages