Citation

Kirschbaum KM, Grellner W, Rochholz G, Musshoff F, Madea B. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2011; 35(2): 124-128.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2011, Preston Publications)

DOI

10.1093/anatox/35.2.124

PMID

21396233

Abstract

Quaternary ammonium compounds pose an analytical challenge. Mebezonium, a muscle-relaxing agent contained in veterinary euthanasia solution T61, was analyzed in body fluids, organs, and injection sites of a veterinarian by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. Additionally, embutramide and tetracaine, which are two other active ingredients contained in T61, methadone, xylazine, and analgesics were detected by LC-MS-MS and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection methods. For detection of mebezonium a solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with ionpairing reagent heptafluorobutyric acid was developed. Separation was achieved on Phenomenex Synergi Hydro RP C(18) column combined with ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile (pH 3.5). To enrich other drugs, liquid-liquid extraction procedures were used. Most of these drugs were separated on a Restek Allure PFP Propyl column using the mentioned mobile phase. Mebezonium and embutramide were detected in femoral vein serum in concentrations of 10.9 and 2.0 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of xylazine and methadone in serum was 2.0 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively. The LC-MS-MS method with SPE combined with an ion-pairing reagent allowed the quantitation of mebezonium. Methadone was detected in toxic concentrations and was, in combination with xylazine and T61, considered to be the cause of death.

Language: en

Keywords

Humans; Male; Suicide; Analgesics; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Drug Combinations; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Forensic Toxicology; Veterinary Drugs; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Amides; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tetracaine; Xylazine