Citation

Michaels NL, Spiller HA, Badeti J, Sheftall AH, Funk AR, Smith GA. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2021; 40(11): 1807-1816.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/09603271211013431

PMID

33906473

PMCID

PMC9757131

Abstract

Benzodiazepines, often used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions, are prescribed more frequently to women than men, and emergency department visits and overdose deaths involving benzodiazepines have increased significantly among women in recent years. This study describes characteristics and trends associated with benzodiazepine exposures among women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) that were reported to United States poison control centers from 2004 through 2018. The National Poison Data System recorded 258,370 first-ranked benzodiazepine exposures among women 15-49 years old during the study period. More than one-half (56.9%) of exposures involved a single-substance and one-third (34.0%) occurred among women 20-29 years old. The majority were categorized as "intentional, suspected suicide" (73.2%) or "intentional" (12.9%). Exposures frequently resulted in admission to a psychiatric facility (20.6%), critical care unit (18.1%), or non-critical care unit (9.3%). Twenty percent of cases resulted in a serious medical outcome, including 205 deaths. The substantial percentage of benzodiazepine exposures among women of reproductive age that were intentional and associated with suicide attempts or suicide deaths indicate that increased prevention efforts are needed to address this issue.

Language: en

Keywords

Humans; United States; Adult; Female; Middle Aged; Adolescent; suicide; Young Adult; women; Benzodiazepines; Poison Control Centers; overdose; poison; Benzodiazepine; Prescription Drug Overuse