Citation

Ditsch A, Hunold L, Hefele F, Greve F, Mair O, Biberthaler P, Heimann L, Hanschen M. J. Clin. Med. 2022; 11(18).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/jcm11185315

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Accidents and injuries are the leading causes of mortality in young people. CD4+ regulatory T cells (CD4+ Tregs), Th17 cells and platelets could be identified as key players in post-traumatic immunological dysfunction, which is a common cause of late mortality in trauma patients. The mechanisms of activation of these cell types and their interaction remain mostly unclear. Since CD69 is not only a leukocyte marker but has also immunoregulatory functions, we postulate a role for CD69 after trauma. The present study investigates the expression of CD69 on CD4+ Tregs and Th17 cells, as well as the posttraumatic expansion of platelets and hemostatic function. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess the differences between polytrauma patients with and without severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

METHODS: In this non-interventional prospective clinical trial, we analyzed sequential blood samples over a period of 10 days from 30 patients after multiple traumas with an ISS ≥ 16. Platelet function was assessed by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM analysis). CD4+ Tregs and Th17 cells were stained with surface markers and analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTS: We were able to demonstrate a significantly increased expression of CD69 on CD4+ Tregs after trauma. Subgroup analysis revealed that the absence of severe TBI is associated with a significantly higher expression of CD69 on CD4+ Tregs and on Th17 cells. Platelets expanded and showed signs of dysfunction, while an overall tendency of posttraumatic hypercoagulation was detected.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the concept of injury-specific immune responses and add to a further understanding of the complex pathophysiology of post-traumatic immune dysfunction. © 2022 by the authors.

Language: en

Keywords

adult; human; trauma; female; male; traumatic brain injury; suicide attempt; controlled study; blood sampling; clinical article; human cell; human tissue; pathophysiology; statistical significance; prospective study; multiple trauma; injury scale; T lymphocyte; antigen expression; immune response; Article; traffic; CD4+ T lymphocyte; thrombocyte dysfunction; flow cytometry; thrombocyte activation; hemostasis; thrombocyte function; platelet count; hypercoagulability; regulatory T lymphocyte; CD4+ regulatory T cells; CD69; CD69 antigen; clot formation time; cytochalasin D; neuro-immune interaction; T helper 17 cells; Th17 cell; thromboelastometry