Citation

Deodhar P, Girish Pai K. Pharma Times 2022; 54(8-9): 8-15.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

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Abstract

The following article gives a brief introduction to the background of The Nuremberg Code and its conception followed by its application in the formation of various regulations regarding research ethics and medical experimentation involving human volunteers. The article also showcases the controversies related to the code, (e.g: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, The Willowbrook School case, Jessie Gelsinger case, etc.) which highlights the unjust and racist background in the world of research. These examples also highlight the repercussions of disobeying the code. The procedure of current informed consent, its loopholes and drawbacks have been showcased with a few suggestions for improvement of the process. Landmark documents like Henry Beecher's article of 1966, The Belmont Report, ICCPR and The declaration of Helsinki have been mentioned with their derivation from the code and their contribution in research ethics. From the history of the code to the more recent cases, the article also covers the controversial case of CIA's programme of enhanced interrogative techniques. As a whole, the journey of the Nuremberg Code from the point of its conception, its development and its derivations into various regulations to the present has been captured. © 2022, Indian Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

human; homicide; suicide; drowning; female; male; autopsy; questionnaire; history; informed consent; vaccination; freedom; drug industry; follow up; emotional stress; syphilis; research ethics; disseminated intravascular clotting; zidovudine; adult respiratory distress syndrome; Article; uterine cervix cancer; thalidomide; conception; drug delivery system; vagina bleeding; beneficence; disapprobation; Nuremberg Code