Citation

Carpentieri R, Iannoni ME, Curto M, Biagiarelli M, Listanti G, Andraos MP, Mantovani B, Farulla C, Pelaccia S, Grosso G, Speranza AM, Sarlatto C. Clin. Neuropsychiatry 2022; 19(1): 20-28.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Giovanni Fioriti Editore)

DOI

10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220104

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: School refusal (SR) in adolescence represents an important risk factor associated with adverse consequences. Although many clinical features of adolescents presenting with SR have been studied, the relationship between SR and personality styles--specifically in the help-seeking population--remains unclear. The present study aimed at investigating differences in personality style, adaptive functioning, and symptomology between Italian help-seeking adolescents who refused (SRa) and did not refuse (non-SRa) to attend school, to provide preliminary evidence of personality patterns in adolescent help-seekers presenting with SR.

METHOD: The study sample was comprised of 103 help-seeking adolescents (54 female, 49 male) aged 14-18 years. Participants were recruited during their first clinical visit and evaluated using the Shedler and Westen Assessment Procedure - Adolescent version (SWAP-A), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), the Maniac Rating Scale (MRS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), the Global Functioning Social Scale (GFSS), and the Global Functioning Role Scale (GFRS). Differences in the studied variables between SRa and non-SRa were measured and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible predictive factors of SR.

RESULTS: SRa presented with more anxious and depressive symptomatology and worse social functioning compared to non-SRa. With respect to personality, SRa displayed more schizoid and schizotypal characteristics and fewer adaptive and healthy personality features. Irrespective of any differences between groups, SRa were largely characterized by inhibited-self-constricted and emotionally dysregulated personality styles.

CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that personality styles are clinical features that may contribute to broadening our knowledge of SR behavior and aid in the detection of SRa, also in the help-seeking population. The findings have clinical, social, and political implications for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, in both clinical and non-clinical settings. However, more data are needed on personality features to clarify their contribution to the more complex phenomenon of school absenteeism. © 2022 Giovanni Fioriti Editore s.r.l.

Language: en

Keywords

absenteeism; adolescence; adolescent; adult; anxiety; Article; behavior therapy; body mass; clinical feature; cognitive behavioral therapy; controlled study; coping behavior; disease severity; DSM-IV; emotional stress; family income; female; Global Assessment of Functioning; Global Functioning Role Scale; Hamilton Anxiety Scale; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; human; life satisfaction; major clinical study; male; mental disease; personality; personality style; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychiatry; psychoanalysis; psychotherapy; questionnaire; reliability; risk factor; school refusal; school refusal behavior; self esteem; social aspect; social functioning; social interaction; social support; suicide attempt; SWAP-A; Young Mania Rating Scale