Citation

Roushdy T. Egypt. J. Neurol. Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2022; 58(1).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Egyptian Society of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)

DOI

10.1186/s41983-022-00563-w

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Pandemic represents challenging medical emergency as it is usually associated with high rates of mortalities and morbidities. Along the last 2 and half years the world has faced the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 pandemic that caught medical agencies and health authorities by surprise and costed more than half billion morbidities and 6 million mortalities. Unfortunately, the way developed countries contained the novel corona virus was unsatisfactory in means of early quarantines as well as obtaining and distributing an effective vaccine. This failure in management might have been responsible for the emergence of a new potential pandemic caused by monkeypox virus. Along the current review article, a detailed comparison is presented between corona virus and monkeypox virus based on virological characteristics, role of corona virus in monkeypox spread, pathogenesis, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and treatment and management. It is obvious that both viruses have a major role in causing various neuropsychiatric manifestations. Neurological manifestations are either bound directly to the virus spread to central and peripheral nervous system or secondary to triggering an immune reaction. Psychiatric ones are mostly related to stigmatization, isolation as well as changes that takes place in neurotransmitters and their metabolites within the nervous system. Dealing properly with monkeypox virus spread through previously learned lessons from corona virus might protect the world from a new pandemic. © 2022, The Author(s).

Language: en

Keywords

human; suicide; Review; Stigma; depression; DNA; central nervous system; peripheral nervous system; emergency; pandemic; anxiety; mortality; Coronavirus; pathogenesis; morbidity; mental disease; analgesic agent; headache; sleep disorder; neurotransmitter; nonhuman; seizure; fever; artificial ventilation; corticosteroid; myalgia; ritonavir; cerebrospinal fluid analysis; immune response; heparin; antipyretic agent; photophobia; Quarantine; social stigma; homosexual male; Mortality and morbidity; endemic disease; Neuropsychiatric manifestations; Pandemic; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; remdesivir; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; RNA vaccine; Chordopoxvirinae; horizontal disease transmission; immunoglobulin A antibody; macropinocytosis; meningoencephalitis; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; monkeypox; Monkeypox virus; Poxviridae; SARS-CoV-2 Alpha; SARS-CoV-2 Beta; SARS-CoV-2 Delta; SARS-CoV-2 Gamma; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron; SARS-CoV-2 virus; Virology