Citation

Clifton JDW, Meindl P. J. Posit. Psychol. 2022; 17(2): 182-197.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)

DOI

10.1080/17439760.2021.2016907

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Primal world beliefs ('primals') are beliefs about the world's basic character, such as the world is dangerous. This article investigates probabilistic assumptions about the value of negative primals (e.g., seeing the world as dangerous keeps me safe). We first show such assumptions are common. For example, among 185 parents, 53% preferred dangerous world beliefs for their children. We then searched for evidence consistent with these intuitions in 3 national samples and 3 local samples of undergraduates, immigrants (African and Korean), and professionals (car salespeople, lawyers, and cops;), examining correlations between primals and eight life outcomes within 48 occupations (total N=4,535). As predicted, regardless of occupation, more negative primals were almost never associated with better outcomes. Instead, they predicted less success, less job and life satisfaction, worse health, dramatically less flourishing, more negative emotion, more depression, and increased suicide attempts. We discuss why assumptions about the value of negative primals are nevertheless widespread and implications for future research. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Language: en

Keywords

suicide; depression; health; wellbeing; job satisfaction; life satisfaction; negative emotions; Primal world beliefs; success