Citation

Kullakçi H, Sonkaya AR. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2021; 58(1): 26-33.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, Turk Noro-Psikiyatri Derneginin Yayin Organidir)

DOI

10.29399/npa.25087

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Loss in sense of smell and taste is a condition that can occur without an organic pathology and it is noteworthy in patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Few studies have shown that Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (tTMS) can correct losses in sense of smell and taste. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of tTMS treatment applied to patients diagnosed with MDD on the sense of smell and taste in this patient group.

METHODS: The sense of smell of 56 patients who were diagnosed with MDD and had tTMS indication was examined with the "Sniffin' Sticks" smell test and the sense of taste with the "Taste Strips" taste test. MDD patients who lost at least one sense of smell and taste were included in the study, but a total of 30 patients were able to complete the study. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) was applied to the patients before tTMS treatment, and this scale was repeated after 15 sessions of tTMS treatment. Taste and smell senses were re-evaluated after the last tTMS session.

RESULTS: According to the Sniffin Stick Smell test, 15 of 29 patients with hyposmia had normosmia after tTMS, and 16 of 18 patients who were found to have hypogeusia according to Taste Strips Taste test had Normogeusia after tTMS. There was a positive improvement in both the smell and taste scores of all patients who were treated, compared to before tTMS. The positive improvement in the smell tests of the patients who responded to the treatment according to the HAM-D scores was found to be significantly different than the patients who did not respond.

CONCLUSION: The positive effect of tTMS treatment on the sense of smell and taste has been demonstrated even in patients whose HAM-D scores could not be sufficiently decreased. In patients diagnosed with depression, using tTMS alone or adding it to the current treatment suggests that it may have a positive effect on the sense of smell and taste as well as depression treatment. © 2020 by Turkish Association of Neuropsychiatry.

Language: en

Keywords

adult; human; female; male; head injury; depression; Major depressive disorder; scoring system; suicide attempt; interview; major depression; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; hospitalization; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; alcohol consumption; marriage; smoking; clinical article; middle aged; psychiatric treatment; prospective study; echography; disease duration; Article; nutritional health; sensation; taste; odor; Taste; DSM-5; smelling; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; hyposmia; Smell; Sniffin’ Sticks Odor Test; Taste Strips Taste Test