Citation

Janiri D, Moccia L, Conte E, Palumbo L, Chieffo DPR, Fredda G, Menichincheri RM, Balbi A, Kotzalidis GD, Sani G, Janiri L. J. Pers. Med. 2021; 11(9).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/jpm11090865

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Psychopathological dimensions contributing to suicidal ideation in young age are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the involvement of emotional dysregulation and temperament in suicide risk in a sample of accurately selected young patients with mood disorders and a matched sample of healthy controls (HC).

METHODS: We assessed 50 young patients (aged 14-25 years) with DSM-5 bipolar or depressive disorders for clinical and psychopathological characteristics and 82 age and sex, educational level, and smoking habits-matched HC. Emotional dysregulation and temperament were assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A-39), respectively. We tested their associations with suicidal ideation, using standard univariate/bivariate methods, preceded by overall multivariate analysis.

RESULTS: In the group of patients, 24 (48%) reported lifetime suicide ideation (LSI). Patients with LSI scored higher on emotional dysregulation (p < 0.001) and cyclothymic (p < 0.001), irritable (p = 0.01), and hyperthymic temperaments (p = 0.003) than HC. Patients with LSI specifically presented with more emotional dysregulation (p < 0.001) and cyclothymic temperament (p = 0.001), than patients without LSI (N = 26).

CONCLUSIONS: Tempera-mental features, in particular cyclothymic temperament, and emotion dysregulation may represent independent factors for increased vulnerability to lifetime suicidal ideation in young adults with mood disorders. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Language: en

Keywords

adolescent; adult; human; female; male; bipolar disorder; psychotherapy; suicidal ideation; Youth; Emotional dysregulation; major depression; lithium; Affective temperaments; Bipolar disorders; mood disorder; emotional disorder; controlled study; questionnaire; anticonvulsive agent; antidepressant agent; neuroleptic agent; clinical article; benzodiazepine derivative; irritability; Depressive disorders; temperament; Article; Mini Mental State Examination; semi structured interview; cyclothymia; young adult; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego; emotion assessment; Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; lifetime suicide ideation