Citation

Bilska K, Pawlak J, Kapelski P, Narożna B, Zakowicz P, Szczepankiewicz A, Skibińska M, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. J. Clin. Med. 2021; 10(4): 1-14.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/jcm10040676

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Due to current depression prevalence, it is crucial to make the correct diagnosis as soon as possible. The study aimed to identify commonly available, easy to apply, and quick to interpret tools allowing for a differential diagnosis between unipolar and bipolar disorder. The study group includes women with long duration of unipolar (UP, N = 34) and bipolar (BP, N = 43) affective disorder. The diagnosis was established according to the DSM criteria using SCID questionnaire. Additional questionnaires were used to differentiate between UP and BP. BP patients had an earlier age of onset, were hospitalized more times, and more often had a family history of psychiatric disorders than UP (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, BP achieved a higher impulsiveness score and more frequently had experienced severe problems with close individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first publication presenting results of numerous questionnaires applied simultaneously in patients on clinical group. Several of them suggest the direction of clinical assessment, such as: the age of onset, family psychiatric burdens, history of stressful life events, learning problems, social and job relations. Further studies are necessary to confirm the utility of this approach. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Language: en

Keywords

adult; human; social interaction; female; aged; bipolar disorder; insomnia; suicidal ideation; social support; suicide attempt; major depression; hospitalization; C reactive protein; disease severity; Stressful life events; unemployment; death; controlled study; antidepressant agent; neuroleptic agent; differential diagnosis; marriage; clinical article; triacylglycerol; clinical feature; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xerostomia; headache; impulsiveness; sleep disorder; lithium carbonate; coping behavior; thyrotropin; thyrotropin blood level; family history; benzodiazepine derivative; carbamazepine; onset age; relapse; remission; Beck Depression Inventory; Mood disorder; hypersomnia; lipoprotein blood level; educational status; monotherapy; dizziness; increased appetite; Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale; Article; triacylglycerol blood level; Epworth sleepiness scale; serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor; decreased appetite; Young Mania Rating Scale; high density lipoprotein; low density lipoprotein; Global Assessment of Functioning; Coping with stress; sleep quality; data analysis software; married person; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; divorced person; first-degree relative; family separation; stress assessment; second-degree relative; Impulsiveness scale