Citation

Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Torres-Jardón R, Franco-Lira M, Kulesza R, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Brito-Aguilar R, García-Arreola B, Revueltas-Ficachi P, Barrera-Velázquez JA, García-Alonso G, García-Rojas E, Mukherjee PS, Delgado-Chávez R. Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2020; 8: 567-591.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020)

DOI

10.3233/AIAD210046

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD, PD) have a pediatric and young adult onset in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC). The SARS-CoV-2 neurotropic RNA virus is triggering neurological complications and deep concern regarding acceleration of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes already in progress. This review, based on our MMC experience, will discuss two major issues: 1) why residents chronically exposed to air pollution are likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 systemic and brain effects and 2) why young people with AD and PD already in progress will accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Secondary mental consequences of social distancing and isolation, fear, financial insecurity, violence, poor health support, and lack of understanding of the complex crisis are expected in MMC residents infected or free of SARS-CoV-2. MMC residents with pre-SARS-CoV-2 accumulation of misfolded proteins diagnostic of AD and PD and metal-rich, magnetic nanoparticles damaging key neural organelles are an ideal host for neurotropic SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus invading the body through the same portals damaged by nanoparticles: nasal olfactory epithelium, the gastrointestinal tract, and the alveolar-capillary portal. We urgently need MMC multicenter retrospective-prospective neurological and psychiatric population follow-up and intervention strategies in place in case of acceleration of neurodegenerative processes, increased risk of suicide, and mental disease worsening. Identification of vulnerable populations and continuous effort to lower air pollution ought to be critical steps. © 2021 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

human; violence; suicide; Review; depression; social isolation; environmental exposure; mental disease; fear; disease course; Alzheimer disease; follow up; disease exacerbation; urban population; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson disease; gastrointestinal tract; air pollution; vulnerable population; virus RNA; Parkinson's disease; financial deficit; ozone; renin angiotensin aldosterone system; nerve degeneration; Mexico City; nervous system inflammation; coronavirus disease 2019; social distancing; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; COVID 19; magnetic nanoparticle; nanoparticles; neurotropism; olfactory epithelium; particulate matter 2.5; virus entry