Citation

Kutzer T, Dick M, Scudamore T, Wiener M, Schwartz T. Drugs Context 2020; 9.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020, Bioexcel Publishing)

DOI

10.7573/DIC.2020-2-2

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Antidepressant treatment has been evolving and changing since the 1950s following the discovery of the classic antidepressant treatments including tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The heterogeneity of the disorder became apparent in the beginning when individuals remained symptomatic despite medication compliance. This spurred further research in order to understand the neurobiology underlying the disorder. Subsequently, newer medications were designed to target specific neurotransmitters and areas of the brain involved in symptom development and maintenance. Our original review article looked at both classic and modern antidepressant medications used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. This manuscript is an update to the original review and serves to provide clinicians with information about novel antidepressant medications, augmentation strategies with atypical antipsychotics, over-the-counter medications, as well as nonpharmaceutical treatments that should be considered when treating each individual patient who remains symptomatic despite treatment efforts. © 2020 Bioexcel Publishing LTD. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

human; Depression; Review; ketamine; suicidal ideation; depression; Postpartum depression; Major depressive disorder; suicide attempt; Antidepressants; major depression; Antipsychotics; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Treatment-resistant depression; antidepressant agent; data base; sexual dysfunction; drug induced disease; fluoxetine; sedation; xerostomia; unclassified drug; quetiapine; drowsiness; practice guideline; constipation; electroconvulsive therapy; nonhuman; drug safety; placebo; drug efficacy; extrapyramidal symptom; olanzapine; drug tolerability; hyperprolactinemia; hypotension; akathisia; hypercholesterolemia; hypertension; side effect; atypical antipsychotic agent; maintenance therapy; metabolic disorder; gynecomastia; non prescription drug; vagus nerve stimulation; omega 3 fatty acid; monotherapy; dizziness; aripiprazole; mood stabilizer; Hypericum perforatum extract; consciousness disorder; treatment duration; Therapeutic; blurred vision; postnatal depression; randomized controlled trial (topic); lower urinary tract symptom; antidepressant activity; treatment resistant depression; combination drug therapy; body weight gain; disease burden; brexanolone; drug administration route; esketamine; ademetionine; brexpiprazole; methylfolic acid; Neuromodulator