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Journal Article

Citation

Cuadrado J, Morin J, Hernandez P, Yubero E, Bégin C, Michel G. Ann. Med. Psychol. (Paris) 2018; 176(9): 919-927.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, Societe Medico-Psychologique, Publisher Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.amp.2018.09.005

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: La Dysmorphie Musculaire (DM) est un sujet d'étude contemporain. Officiellement inscrite dans le DSM- 5 en 2013 au sein des dysmorphophobies spécifiques " muscle dysmorphia " elle ne possède pas encore d'entité nosographique à part entière.

METHODologie: À l'aide de la méthodologie Prisma et du mot-clé " muscle dysmorphia " nous avons étudié les bases de données bibliographique Cochrane, Ebsco, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of science entre 1993 et 2017. Résultats: 40 articles ont été retenus sur cette thématique. Les résultats nous ont permis d'observer une prévalence fluctuant dans les populations sportives ou non sportives, jeunes ou adultes, entre 5,9 % à 44 %. La dysmorphie musculaire touche principalement les hommes pratiquant le bodybuilding dans un but de recherche esthétique influencé par l'internalisation d'un idéal corporel acquis de l'environnement socioculturel. Elle s'accompagne de troubles internalisés et externalisés allant des troubles anxio-dépressifs à la consommation de produits améliorant la performance.

DISCUSSION: Dans la discussion, nous évoquerons les enjeux actuels autour de la vision nosographique de la dysmorphie musculaire ainsi que la nécessité de développer une meilleure compréhension tant épidémiologique que clinique. Des stratégies de prévention ainsi que des repérages précoces et interventions brèves peuvent constituer des réponses adaptées aux difficultés rencontrées chez les personnes souffrant de dysmorphie musculaire.

INTRODUCTION: Muscle dysmorphia is a contemporary subject of interest officially inscribed in the DSM- 5 in 2013 under the body dysmorphic disorder "muscle dysmorphia". It does not yet have its own nosographic entity.

METHOD: Cochrane, Ebsco, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Science Direct and Web of science data bases have been used, spanning from 1993 to 2017.

RESULTS: The prevalence of muscle dysmorphia varies in physically active or non-active populations, young or adult. As proof, no current consensus exists on its prevalence on the overall population as the number of people afflicted varies from study to study. Prevalence going from 5.9% to 44% in literary review. This fluctuation can be explained by a difference of prevalence depending on the population under study and its own risk factors. Furthermore, the many studies undertaken showed the large occurrence of comorbidities in an externalized aspect: consumption of dietary supplements, taking of performance enhancing substances, body checking, overtraining and suicide attempts. There are also heavy comorbidities in an internalized aspect: anxiety disorders, social anxiety, depression, mood swings, low esteem of body image, alexithymia, obsession over one's body for not being muscular enough and low enough in body fat. Discuss/conclusion: Muscle dysmorphia mainly affects men partaking in bodybuilding for aesthetic reasons, in order to adhere to an internalized physical ideal that social factors have pressured them into following. The perspective of future research and therapeutic treatment create an opportunity to fill in the gaps in the corpuses of said investigated research. © 2018


Language: en

Keywords

human; systematic review; depression; prevalence; suicide attempt; body image; comorbidity; mood disorder; alexithymia; risk factor; obsession; anxiety disorder; social aspect; social phobia; self esteem; body fat; Body image; body dysmorphic disorder; Eating Disorders; Dysmorphophobia; Sport; Article; Muscle dysmorphia; overexertion; dietary supplement; muscle dysmorphia; performance enhancing substance

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