Citation

Breggin PR. J. Contemp. Psychother. 2016; 46(1): 1-13.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2016, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

10.1007/s10879-015-9307-2

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Because the epidemic dispensing of psychiatric drugs is based on misinformation, it is important for all health professionals, consumers, and most citizens (including patients and their family members) to have a more rational understanding of how psychiatric drugs actually "work." Instead of enforcing authoritarian "medication compliance" in obedience to the prescriber's orders, informed therapists and healthcare providers have an ethical duty to provide scientific information about the real effects of psychiatric drugs. Instead of naively accepting whatever the doctor prescribes to them, consumers need to educate themselves about all medications, but especially about psychiatric ones, which are consistently misrepresented and oversold. This review focuses on three principles of rational psychopharmacology. The first is the brain-disabling principle, which states that all psychoactive substances work by causing dysfunctions of the brain and mind. It further observes that no psychiatric drugs work by improving or correcting biochemical imbalances or any other presumed biological malfunctions. The second principle is intoxication anosognosia (medication spellbinding) which states that all psychoactive substances tend to cause a subjective over-estimation of their positive effects while masking their harmful ones, sometimes resulting in extremely harmful behaviors such as mania, violence and suicide. The third principle is chronic brain impairment (CBI)--that exposure to psychoactive substances, especially long-term, results in impairments of the brain or mind that can become persistent or permanent, including atrophy (shrinkage) of brain tissue. Not only are psychiatric drugs likely to do more harm than good, there are more effective and infinitely safer proven psychosocial approaches for treating the whole spectrum of "psychiatric disorders" from "ADHD" and "major depressive disorder" to "schizophrenia." © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Language: en

Keywords

human; violence; suicide; Review; dementia; psychosis; medical ethics; intoxication; Psychopharmacology; antidepressant agent; neuroleptic agent; medical practice; distress syndrome; hallucination; anxiety disorder; psychotropic agent; psychopharmacology; emotion; delusion; nonhuman; lifespan; confusion; benzodiazepine derivative; psychosocial care; long term care; health care personnel; risperidone; benzodiazepine; mental deficiency; mania; brain disease; brain atrophy; central stimulant agent; epidemic; mood stabilizer; Psychiatric drugs; brain tissue; drug treatment failure; therapy effect; anosognosia; masking; physiotherapist; amphetamine plus dexamphetamine; Adverse psychiatric drug effects; biochemical analysis; chronic brain impairment; Critical analysis of psychiatric medication; epidemic encephalitis; Ineffectiveness of psychiatric drugs; Psychosocial alternatives to psychiatric drugs