CONTACT US: Contact info
|
Citation |
Sterns RH. New Engl. J. Med. 2015; 372(1): 55-65. |
|
Copyright |
(Copyright © 2015, Massachusetts Medical Society) |
|
DOI |
|
PMID |
unavailable |
|
Abstract |
Human cells dwell in salt water. Their well-being depends on the ability of the body to regulate the salinity of extracellular fluids. By controlling water intake and excretion, the osmoregulatory system normally prevents the plasma sodium concentration from straying outside its normal range (135 to 142 mmol per liter). Failure of the system to regulate within this range exposes cells to hypotonic or hypertonic stress. This review considers the causes and consequences of an abnormal plasma sodium concentration and offers a framework for correcting it. © 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society. Language: en |
|
Keywords |
Humans; human; Review; hemodialysis; suicide attempt; complication; disease severity; intoxication; conceptual framework; mental disease; patient monitoring; plasma; brain edema; seizure; brain injury; hypernatremia; sodium chloride; metabolic disorder; glucosuria; brain hemorrhage; blood; glucose; sodium; sodium blood level; potassium; urea; drug contraindication; hyponatremia; protein expression; drug indication; metabolism; urine; furosemide; postoperative complication; diabetes insipidus; demyelination; vasopressin; Plasma; protein function; mathematical computing; intracranial hypertension; substitution therapy; mathematical model; blood brain barrier; chemistry; Brain Diseases; Demyelinating Diseases; thirst; desmopressin; rehydration; sodium restriction; Sodium; Brain Edema; nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance; adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium); Hyponatremia; vanilloid receptor 1; water intoxication; acute salt poisoning; adipsia; cation exchange; channel gating; Hypernatremia; hyperosmotic stress; hypertonic solution; hypoosmotic stress; infantile diarrhea; neurogenic diabetes insipidus; osmoreceptor; osmoregulation; osmosis; osmotic demyelination syndrome; osmotic diuresis; postoperative hyponatremia; potassium balance; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; sodium balance; sodium cell level; sodium excretion; sodium transport; sodium urine level; total body water; vanilloid receptor 4; vasopressin antagonist; vasopressin release; water deprivation; water loss; water transport |