Citation

Schmidt JJ, Lorenzen J, Chatzikyrkou C, Lichtinghagen R, Kielstein JT. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2014; 15(1).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2014, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group - BMC)

DOI

10.1186/2050-6511-15-49

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lithium intoxication has potentially fatal neurologic and cardiac side effects. Extracorporeal removal can therefore be lifesaving. The dialysance of lithium is high as it is a small molecule. Comparable to its neighbor in the periodic table, sodium, its intracellular accumulation hampers its removal by renal replacement therapy, despite its favorable size. For this reason the combination of short intermittent and prolonged dialysis may be a beneficial approach in acute lithium intoxication, yet only a report of such a combination has been published and actual removed lithium has not been quantified. Case presentation: We describe the first measurement of lithium in the spent total dialysate treating an acute lithium overdose of a 44 year old Caucasian patient on chronic lithium therapy, undergoing extended dialysis. Extracorporeal therapy was initiated at a lithium serum concentration of 3.24 mmol/l. With blood/dialysate flow of 350 ml/min the 1.3 m2 polysulfone dialyzer exhibited a maximum lithium clearance of 177 ml/min. After 4.1 hours of treatment the lithium level was lowered to 1.25 mmol/l. In the total spent dialysate 250 mg lithium, i.e. ~ 40% of the ingested amount were found. The subsequent extended dialysis over 9.5 hours further decreased serum levels to 0.79 mmol/l. Neurological symptoms improved within the first 60 min of treatment. The patient could be transferred to a psychiatric hospital on the morning after admission.

CONCLUSION: Standard intermittent hemodialysis with subsequent extended dialysis can efficiently be employed in severe lithium intoxication by combining prompt a fast decrease of lithium blood levels and preventing rebound/assuring removal of redistributed lithium. © 2014 Schmidt et al.

Language: en

Keywords

Humans; Adult; Female; adult; Intoxication; human; female; case report; bipolar disorder; hemodialysis; suicide attempt; lithium; Lithium; intoxication; Intensive care unit; Renal Dialysis; clinical feature; somnolence; heart disease; Glasgow coma scale; creatinine blood level; lithium derivative; polyuria; treatment response; Lithium Compounds; renal replacement therapy; Article; clinical effectiveness; lithium intoxication; artificial kidney; Drug monitoring; Extended dialysis; Wolf Parkinson Withe syndrome