Citation

Kleine-Budde K, Touil E, Moock J, Bramesfeld A, Kawohl W, Rössler W. Bipolar Disord. 2014; 16(4): 337-353.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2014, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/bdi.12165

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Recent reviews lack important information on the high cost-of-illness worldwide for bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, the present study systematically analyzed those costs, their driving components, and the methodological quality with which the few existing cost-of-illness investigations have been performed.

METHODS: In June 2012, we conducted a systematic literature review of electronic databases to identify relevant cost-of-illness studies published since 2000. Their methodological quality was assessed. Costs were standardized by first extrapolating them to 2009 using country-specific gross domestic product inflators and then converting them into US dollars via purchasing power parities (PPP).

RESULTS: The main characteristics of 22 studies were evaluated. Ignoring outliers, costs per capita ranged from 8,000 to 14,000 US$-PPP for overall direct healthcare, from 4,000 to 5,000 US$-PPP for direct mental healthcare, and from 2,500 to 5,000 US$-PPP for direct BD-related care. Indirect costs ranged from 2,000 to 11,000 US$-PPP. Inpatient care was the main cost driver in three studies; drug costs, in two studies.

METHODological quality was deemed satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONS: The cost variance was great between studies. This was likely due to differences in methodology rather than healthcare systems, thereby making such comparisons difficult. The results showed that BD has a substantial economic burden on society. To gain more evidence, international standardized checklists are needed when undertaking cost-of-illness studies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Language: en

Keywords

Humans; United States; human; suicide; systematic review; Cost of Illness; Europe; bipolar disorder; Bipolar disorder; Systematic review; Economic burden; Taiwan; unemployment; review; priority journal; mental health service; emergency ward; economics; health insurance; Bipolar Disorder; health care cost; health care; drug cost; health practitioner; outpatient care; social worker; absenteeism; cost of illness; purchasing; employer; rehabilitation care; laboratory; Resource utilization; gross national product; accounting; Cost analysis; Costs of illness; physiotherapist