Citation

Lindsay L, White ML. Clin. Pediatr. Emerg. Med. 2012; 13(4): 283-291.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.cpem.2012.09.001

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Recreational drug use patterns change constantly, making it imperative that clinicians continuously update their knowledge about current trends of use and abuse. Particularly challenging are substances that have been described as nontraditional, emerging, and Web based, which have increased significantly in the last 2 years. This report reviews the epidemiology, pharmacology, clinical presentation, and toxicity as well as recommended management for 2 classes of emerging substances of abuse: herbal marijuana alternatives (eg, synthetic cannabinoids) and "bath salts" (eg, substituted cathinones). A brief review of the development of the regulation of these substances highlights the challenges associated with surveillance and subsequent enforcement of laws for emerging nontraditional substances of abuse. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Language: en

Keywords

human; suicide; alcohol; hypothermia; multiple organ failure; suicidal ideation; aggression; psychosis; empathy; suicidal behavior; disease severity; drug abuse; kidney failure; hopelessness; toxicology; article; vomiting; mental disease; drug legislation; barbituric acid derivative; drug intoxication; drug metabolism; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; sedation; tachycardia; xerostomia; unclassified drug; automutilation; headache; vertigo; paranoia; treatment indication; anxiety disorder; coma; neurotoxicity; libido; drug mechanism; drug structure; heart infarction; diazepam; paracetamol; delusion; palliative therapy; convulsion; drug blood level; drug dependence; seizure; drug fatality; nausea; benzodiazepine; sweating; lorazepam; restlessness; heart arrest; alertness; irritability; drug megadose; delirium; glyceryl trinitrate; unindexed drug; drug toxicity; alcohol blood level; drug marketing; hypertension; side effect; serotonin syndrome; drug surveillance program; agitation; drug tolerance; hyperreflexia; treatment failure; positron emission tomography; creatinine; creatinine blood level; diaphoresis; hyponatremia; salicylic acid; Drugs of abuse; propofol; blood clotting disorder; heart palpitation; thorax pain; serotoninergic nerve cell; dizziness; euphoria; urea nitrogen blood level; drug exposure; memory disorder; herbaceous agent; mass fragmentography; hyperthermia; tachypnea; hypokalemia; designer drug; intubation; n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor; mydriasis; duodenum ulcer; tetrahydrocannabinol; nitroprusside sodium; tandem mass spectrometry; cannabinoid; Cannabinoids; kidney function test; glutamic acid; clonus; congestive cardiomyopathy; cannabinoid receptor; dexanabinol; conjunctival hyperemia; cathinone; muscle twitch; neuromuscular blocking; electrolyte blood level; spice; methylenedioxypyrovalerone; 4' methylmethcathinone; 3 (1 naphthoyl) 1 pentylindole; 3,4 methylenedioxypyrovalerone; adrenal cortex disease; Bath salts; butylone; Cathinones; Designer drugs; dopaminergic nerve cell; ethacathinone; Herbal marijuana; methylone; Spice; Sympathomimetic; synthetic cannabinoid; synthetic cathinone