Citation

Sala R, Goldstein BI, Morcillo C, Liu SM, Castellanos M, Blanco C. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2012; 46(7): 865-872.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.024

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and correlates of comorbid anxiety disorders among individuals with bipolar disorders (BP) and their association with prospectively ascertained comorbidities, treatment, and psychosocial functioning.

METHOD: As part of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 1600 adults who met lifetime DSM-IV criteria for BP-I (n = 1172) and BP-II (n = 428) were included. Individuals were evaluated using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule- DMS-IV Version and data was analyzed from Waves 1 and 2, approximately 3 years apart.

RESULTS: Sixty percent of individuals with BP had at least one lifetime comorbid anxiety disorder. Individuals with BP and anxiety disorders shared lifetime risk factors for major depressive disorder and had prospectively more depressive and manic/hypomanic episodes, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and more treatment seeking than those without anxiety. During the follow-up, higher incidence of panic disorder, drug use disorders, and lower psychosocial functioning were found in individuals with BP with versus without anxiety disorders.

CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety disorders are prospectively associated with elevated BP severity and BP-related mental health service use. Early identification and treatment of anxiety disorders are warranted to improve the course and outcome of individuals with BP. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Language: en

Keywords

United States; adult; human; Anxiety; female; male; Comorbidity; aged; bipolar disorder; Bipolar disorder; alcohol use disorder; suicidal ideation; social support; suicide attempt; major depression; emergency care; comorbidity; disease severity; drug abuse; unemployment; risk factor; substance abuse; Outcome; article; major clinical study; disease association; priority journal; mental health service; social psychology; disease course; anxiety disorder; panic; lifespan; family history; follow up; social phobia; self esteem; mania; hypomania; patient counseling; DSM-IV; emotionality; parental deprivation; help seeking behavior; DSM-5