Citation

Rostagno C, Pastorelli F, Domenichetti S, Gensini GF. Curr. Psychiatry Rev. 2011; 7(3): 170-176.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2011, Bentham Science Publishers)

DOI

10.2174/157340011797183148

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Clozapine has a lower incidence of neurologic side effects, in particular extrapyramidal symptoms and is associated with a decreased mortality, largely due to a significant reduction in the risk of suicide, in comparison to firstgeneration antipsychotics. Favourable clinical results however are faced with a not negligible risk of serious adverse effects in particular agranulocytosis, weight gain or metabolic syndrome. Dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis and sudden death are less frequent but potentially fatal cardiac adverse effects related to clozapine treatment. The diagnosis of cardiac toxicity is usually made only when severe clinical symptoms occurs and impairment of left ventricular function is often irreversible At present no prospective studies on cardiac toxicity are reported in literature and clozapine related cardiac toxicity may be actually underestimated. In the present review we tried to up to date cardiovascular risk associated with clozapine treatment. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers.

Language: en

Keywords

human; schizophrenia; C reactive protein; clozapine; Clozapine; drug overdose; review; neuroleptic agent; sedation; tachycardia; priority journal; haloperidol; thioridazine; nonhuman; cardiotoxicity; convulsion; drug blood level; drug fatality; carbamazepine; olanzapine; QT interval; risperidone; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; weight gain; agranulocytosis; leukopenia; drug withdrawal; nicotine; hypotension; heart arrest; corticosteroid; lung edema; side effect; atypical antipsychotic agent; heart rate; amisulpride; diabetes mellitus; ziprasidone; asthenia; heart arrhythmia; hyperlipidemia; propranolol; QT prolongation; protein blood level; low drug dose; Parkinson disease; pimozide; dyspnea; histopathology; sertindole; torsade des pointes; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; norclozapine; bradycardia; pneumonia; aripiprazole; sinus tachycardia; Cardiotoxicity; cardiovascular risk; heart ventricle tachycardia; QRS complex; myocarditis; drug dose increase; drug dose titration; heart ventricle arrhythmia; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; drug substitution; ramipril; congestive cardiomyopathy; myeloproliferative disorder; acute heart failure; pericarditis; pericardiocentesis; heart muscle biopsy; troponin; bisoprolol; bumetanide; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Drug resistant schizophrenia