Citation

Husstedt IW, Reichelt D, Neuen-Jakob E, Kästner F, Von Einsiedel R, Vielhaber B, Arendt G, Evers S, Hahn K. Antiinflamm. Antiallergy Agents Med. Chem. 2009; 8(2): 192-201.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2009, Bentham Science Publishers)

DOI

10.2174/187152309789152039

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] has increased the mean survival time in the AIDS stage by up to more than 10 years. Five different groups of antiretroviral medications are known, of which integrase and entry inhibitors represent the latest and most modern substances. The long survival time in the AIDS stage means that side effects and interactions become of greater relevance and have to be differentiated from the symptoms of Neuro-AIDS as such. Side effects of HAART tend to affect the central and peripheral nervous system as well as the muscles. Neurotoxicity of HAART components varies considerably and depends on the substance involved. They are to be considered with the choice of HAART as a treatment, and a corresponding combination of medication must be carefully discussed by the doctor and patient in those cases in which side effects on the nervous system by antiretroviral agents are already present. There are special cases, however, in which the associated side-effects are to be accepted and endured if no other combination of medications is possible-e.g. as a result of resistance development. Knowledge of HAART side effects and interactions with antiepileptics, antidepressants and analgetics are essential for the treatment of patients with Neuro-AIDS. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Language: en

Keywords

human; psychotherapy; depression; schizophrenia; anxiety; psychosis; suicide attempt; Neurotoxicity; lamivudine; survival time; review; epilepsy; migraine; fatigue; pancreatitis; anticonvulsive agent; drug metabolism; amitriptyline; citalopram; cognitive defect; tricyclic antidepressant agent; venlafaxine; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; somnolence; sleep disorder; neurotoxicity; paracetamol; nonhuman; drug choice; efavirenz; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; cardiomyopathy; drug blood level; patient compliance; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; drug withdrawal; nightmare; unindexed drug; catatonia; disorientation; mania; gabapentin; side effect; dihydroergotamine; duloxetine; pregabalin; myalgia; muscle weakness; myopathy; low drug dose; etiracetam; concentration loss; paresthesia; prenatal drug exposure; antiretrovirus agent; delavirdine; didanosine; indinavir; nevirapine; ritonavir; saquinavir; stavudine; zalcitabine; zidovudine; lactic acidosis; teratogenicity; positive end expiratory pressure; dizziness; drug competition; drug penetration; neuropathic pain; tenofovir; drug dose reduction; drug exposure; neuropathy; memory disorder; highly active antiretroviral therapy; drug induced headache; drug dose increase; sleep apnea syndrome; proteinase inhibitor; treatment duration; drug substitution; muscle cramp; triptan derivative; lipodystrophy; abacavir; fatty liver; abnormal dreaming; evening dosage; HAART; Central and peripheral nervous system; ergometrine; Interactions