Citation

Manchikanti L, Whitfield E, Pallone F. Pain Physician 2005; 8(4): 335-347.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2005, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

In the United States, physicians are faced with two opposing dilemmas in the treatment of pain - the potential for drug abuse and diversion, and the possible undertreatment of pain. White controlled prescription drugs such as narcotic analgesics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, stimulants, and sedative-hypnotics, play a legitimate role in managing chronic pain and other conditions, the illicit use of prescribed medicines is increasing at epidemic proportions. Diversion and abuse of prescription drugs is costly in terms of addiction, overdose, death, and related criminal activities, but chronic pain carries significant economic, social, and health impact as well. The American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP), as the introducing organization, was joined by several physician and nurse practitioner organizations in support of the National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting (NASPER) Act of 2005, legislation that not only will give physicians an information tool to aid in prescribing controlled substances but also will help identify illicit use and abuse. NASPER is the law that provides for the establishment of a controlled substances monitoring program in each state. The concept for NASPER originated with ASIPP and was modeled after the highly successful Kentucky All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Program (KASPER). Legislation was introduced in the United States House of Representatives during three different Congresses, the 107th, 108th, and 109th, by Reps. Edward Whitfield (R-KY) and Frank Pallone (D-NJ). It was first introduced in the United States Senate in the 107th Congress by Sen. Tim Hutchinson (R-AK), and in the 108th and 109th by Sens. Jeff Sessions (R-AL) and Dick Durbin (D-IL), with multiple cosponsors in both chambers. NASPER passed the House on July 27, 2005, by voice vote and passed the Senate by unanimous consent on July 29, 2005. President George W. Bush signed NASPER on August 11, 2005, and it became Public Law 109-60. Implementation of NASPER will improve patient care and reduce abuse and diversion of prescription controlled substances.

Language: en

Keywords

United States; human; law; cannabis; Chronic pain; mortality; chronic pain; fentanyl; suicide attempt; drug abuse; drug overdose; amphetamine; cocaine; review; Drug abuse; analgesic agent; drug legislation; prescription; antidepressant agent; anxiolytic agent; barbituric acid derivative; medical practice; patient monitoring; opiate; morphine; psychotropic agent; practice guideline; low back pain; diazepam; paracetamol; food and drug administration; methamphetamine; economic aspect; medical society; health care cost; drug dependence; benzodiazepine derivative; drug cost; methadone; illicit drug; drug utilization; codeine; oxycodone; methylphenidate; hypnotic sedative agent; drug monitoring; tranquilizer; hydromorphone; narcotic analgesic agent; central stimulant agent; hydrocodone; Controlled substances; Drug diversion; electronic medical record; KASPER; NASPER; National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Act; Prescription monitoring