Citation

Hermanns-Clausen M. Monatsschr. Kinderheilkd. 2004; 152(10): 1046-1054.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2004, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

10.1007/s00112-004-1025-x

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Medical drugs are the most frequent cause of intoxications and associated hospital admissions during childhood and the second most frequent cause of poisoning. In childhood poisoning is mainly accidental, but adolescents are more often poisoned intentionally after attempting suicide. The majority of childhood poisonings occur in domestic surroundings. Medical agents most frequently ingested by children are sodium fluoride, oral contraceptives, homeopathic drugs, acetaminophen, and salicylates and by adolescents acetaminophen, ibuprofen, salicylates, diclofenac, and diphenhydramine. A few drugs can cause severe toxicity to an infant after a small dose: atropine, H1-antihistamines, calcium-channel blockers, and other antiarrhythmic agents such as propafenone, clonidine, antipsychotic agents, theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, opioids (especially methadone), and sulphonylureas. Application of activated charcoal within 1 h after ingestion is the most important method of gastric decontamination. Enhanced elimination of adsorbed poisons by hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, multiple activated charcoal, and urine alkalinization is rarely indicated.

Language: de

Keywords

adolescent; human; child; Overdose; hemodialysis; intoxication; review; antiarrhythmic agent; neuroleptic agent; hospital admission; tricyclic antidepressant agent; opiate; clonidine; paracetamol; activated carbon; ingestion; methadone; diphenhydramine; antihistaminic agent; atropine; theophylline; correlation analysis; salicylic acid derivative; oral contraceptive agent; low drug dose; ibuprofen; calcium channel blocking agent; alkalinization; Accidental poisoning; Accidental drug poisoning; Activated charcoal; diclofenac; fluoride sodium; frequency analysis; homeopathic agent; Oral decontamination; propafenone