Citation

French HG, Davis HP. Int. J. Crashworthiness 2002; 7(2): 219-231.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2002, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

It is hypothesized that undiagnosed shoulder instability is a major contributor to "whiplash syndrome". The energetics of low to moderate speed rear end collisions were investigated to see if shoulder forces were sufficient to cause structural damage to the glenohumeral ligaments by computer simulation of 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 56 kph rear end collisions. Forces at the shoulder can easily exceed 1780 N in collisions over 32 kph. Results of modelling indicate that injuries about the shoulder girdle, including complex instability, should be anticipated following low to moderate speed automobile collisions. Instability associated with MVA's differs both in magnitude and mechanism from the more common sports associated shoulder instability.

Language: en