Citation

De Las Cuevas C, Sanz EJ, Villasante-Tezanos AG, De Leon J. Expert Opin. Drug. Metab. Toxicol. 2023; 19(2): 57-74.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, Informa Healthcare)

DOI

10.1080/17425255.2023.2192401

PMID

36920343

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Antipsychotics (APs), during treatment or overdose, may be associated with respiratory aspiration.

AREAS COVERED: A PubMed search on 30 September 2022, provided 3 cases of respiratory aspiration during clozapine therapy and 1 case during an AP overdose. VigiBase records of respiratory aspiration associated with APs from inception until 5 September 2021, were reviewed. VigiBase, the World Health Organization's global pharmacovigilance database, uses a statistical signal for associations called the information component (IC).

EXPERT OPINION: The ICs (and IC(025)) were 2.1 (and 2.0) for APs, 3.2 (and 3.0) for clozapine, 2.6 (and 2.4) for quetiapine, and 2.5 (and 2.2) for olanzapine. Cases of respiratory aspiration associated with APs included: 137 overdose/suicide cases (64 fatal) and 609 cases during treatment (385 fatal) including 333 taking clozapine (238 fatal). In logistic regression models of fatal outcomes, the odds ratios, OR, and (95% confidence intervals, CI) of significant independent variables were: a) 2.3-2.6 for clozapine in 3 samples of AP treatment of varying size, b) 1.9 (CI 1.0 to 3.5) for geriatric age in 284 patients on clozapine treatment, and c) 1.8 (CI 1.1-3.2) for antidepressant co-medication in 276 patients on non-clozapine APs. Multiple AP pharmacological mechanisms may explain respiratory aspiration.

Language: en

Keywords

*Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects; *Clozapine/adverse effects; *Drug Overdose/drug therapy; *Respiratory Aspiration/epidemiology; *Schizophrenia/drug therapy; Aged; Airway obstruction; Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects; antipsychotic agents/adverse effects; deglutition disorders; dementia; drug overdose; Humans; intellectual disability; Pharmacovigilance; polypharmacy; respiratory aspiration; schizophrenia