Citation

Lekkas EL. Nat. Hazards 2002; 25(1): 23-35.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2002, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

A number of cases where earthquake-induced damage was massive or presented interesting distribution patterns in recent earthquakes are presented. The highly serious damage along reactivated seismic faults and fractures is discussed for the earthquakes of Pyrgos (Greece), Egio (Greece) and Kobe (Japan). Additionally, we describe characteristic types of building failure in the earthquake of Egio, caused by the coexistence of surficial faulting and liquefaction. Of particular interest is the damage pattern in the Kobe and Dinar earthquakes, attributed to seismic wave directivity, caused by migration of the earthquake source. Finally, a special case of building damage is described for the case of the Adana, Turkey earthquake, which is connected to the shape and the azimuthal location of buildings in respect to the epicentre. All the above cases are valuable sources of information and can be utilized in the reduction of seismic risk in constructions and urban complexes.