Citation

Ghaemi SN. Perspect. Biol. Med. 2023; 66(4): 520-534.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, Johns Hopkins University Press)

DOI

10.1353/pbm.2023.a909724

PMID

38661842

Abstract

William Osler (1849-1919) is often considered the most influential physician in the emergence of science-based medicine. However, his approach to clinical medicine tends to be misunderstood, and its relevance to psychiatry has not been explored systematically. Osler's approach to the patient had four components: biological reductionism about disease, a scientific approach to clinical diagnosis, therapeutic conservatism, and a humanistic approach to the person. These concepts conflict with the pragmatic, eclectic, anti-reductionistic assumptions of contemporary psychiatry, as codified in its interpretation of a "biopsychosocial" model. This model leads to unscientific practice, with excessive use of medications given for symptoms, and inattention to identifying and treating diseases. This article suggests that implementing Osler's philosophy of medicine in psychiatry would greatly benefit the latter. It would inaugurate a new "biohumanistic" approach to psychiatry.

Language: en

Keywords

*Psychiatry/history; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Mental Disorders/history/drug therapy; Philosophy, Medical/history