Citation

Endo Y, Javanmardi E, Gu Y, Kamijo S. Int. J. Automot. Technol. 2023; 24(2): 469-481.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

10.1007/s12239-023-0039-0

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Detecting object locations and semantic classes in an image, such as traffic signs, traffic lights, and guide signs, is the crucial problem for autonomous driving, known as object detection. However, stable object detection in complex real-world environments, such as urban environments, is still challenging because of clutter, time of day, blur etc., even with modern deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). On the other hand, a high definition (HD) map is a pre-built information resource for autonomous driving tasks, especially for controls. Besides controls, HD map utilization for detection tasks has been gaining attention in recent years, enabling us to stabilize detection even in complex real-world environments. However, it is challenging to use object information from an HD map as detection directly because the self-localization error affects the transformed object locations on the image coordinate system from the HD map's coordinate system. This paper explores incorporating HD map information into deep feature maps of a DCNN-based model. Two proposed modules implicitly make the feature extraction efficient and stable by utilizing HD map information. As a result of the experiments, the proposed module improved a modern model for challenging images of the urban area Shinjuku by 37 % in mAP, even in self-localization errors.

Language: en

Keywords

Autonomous driving; Deep learning; High definition map; Object detection; Self-localization