Citation

Muñoz-Troncoso F, Cuadrado-Gordillo I, Riquelme-Mella E, Muñoz-Troncoso G, Miranda-Zapata E, Bizama-Colihuinca K, Legaz-Vladímirskaya E. Behav. Sci. (Basel) 2023; 13(8).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/bs13080686

PMID

37622826

PMCID

PMC10451708

Abstract

The objective of the study was to specify an abbreviated model of the school coexistence questionnaire for non-violence (CENVI) for students from 5th to 8th grade (9 to 14 years old), in order to determine the perception of violence and management of school coexistence, and the differences between Mapuche and non-Mapuche students. A total of 1870 students from schools in the city of Temuco (Chile) responded to the CENVI questionnaire. There were two samples: (1) Pandemic, with online, face-to-face and hybrid classes; and (2) Post-pandemic, with face-to-face classes. Sample 1 consisted of 848 students aged 9 to 15 years (M = 11.90; SD = 1.27). Sample 2 consisted of 1022 students aged 9 to 14 years (M = 11.46; SD = 1.14). The questionnaire was validated using expert inter-judgment and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A good fit of the proposed model to the data and good internal consistency measured according to the composite reliability were found, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Mapuche students perceived more physical violence and social exclusion. Cut-off points were proposed for the interpretation of the results. In the data, the effect of Coexistence Management on School Violence was null. The discussion approaches the findings from the literature on education in spaces of socio-cultural diversity in a Mapuche context.

Language: en

Keywords

discrimination; pandemic; racism; questionnaire; coexistence management; colonialism; emotions; intercultural education; Mapuche; measurement invariance; measurement model; post-pandemic; school coexistence; school violence