Citation

Aljuaid H, Akhter I, Alsufyani N, Shorfuzzaman M, Alarfaj M, Alnowaiser K, Jalal A, Park J. PeerJ Comput. Sci. 2023; 9: e1355.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, PeerJ)

DOI

10.7717/peerj-cs.1355

PMID

37346503

PMCID

PMC10280427

Abstract

Innovative technology and improvements in intelligent machinery, transportation facilities, emergency systems, and educational services define the modern era. It is difficult to comprehend the scenario, do crowd analysis, and observe persons. For e-learning-based multiobject tracking and predication framework for crowd data via multilayer perceptron, this article recommends an organized method that takes e-learning crowd-based type data as input, based on usual and abnormal actions and activities. After that, super pixel and fuzzy c mean, for features extraction, we used fused dense optical flow and gradient patches, and for multiobject tracking, we applied a compressive tracking algorithm and Taylor series predictive tracking approach. The next step is to find the mean, variance, speed, and frame occupancy utilized for trajectory extraction. To reduce data complexity and optimization, we applied T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). For predicting normal and abnormal action in e-learning-based crowd data, we used multilayer perceptron (MLP) to classify numerous classes. We used the three-crowd activity University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics (USCD-Ped), Shanghai tech, and Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) corridor datasets for experimental estimation based on human and nonhuman-based videos. We achieve a mean accuracy of 87.00%, USCD-Ped, Shanghai tech for 85.75%, and IITB corridor of 88.00% datasets.

Language: en

Keywords

Anomaly detection; Compressive tracking Algorithm; Crowd based data; Data optimization; E-Learning; Fused dense optical flow; Fuzzy C mean; Gradient patches; Predication model; T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding