Citation

Frankowski BL. Pediatrics 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, American Academy of Pediatrics)

DOI

10.1542/peds.2023-061264

PMID

37337840

Abstract

Twenty-five years ago, Felitti et al1 published the landmark study on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their significant negative effects on adult physical and mental health. ACE scoring has been adapted for families and children with modification of the criteria,2 including items to assess exposure to neighborhood violence, bullying, and discrimination. However, this is a deficit-based model that does not consider protective factors.

Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) can mitigate the effects of ACEs and have positive effects on mental health and relationships.3,4 Sege et al5,6 introduced the Health Outcomes of Positive Experiences framework (HOPE), which organizes PCEs into 4 broad categories: stable and supportive relationships; safe, equitable environments in which to live, learn, and play; civic and social engagement that promotes children's sense that they matter to others; and opportunities for social and emotional development...

Language: en