Citation

Alolaiwy M, Zohdy M. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23(3): e1100.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s23031100

PMID

36772140

Abstract

With progressive technological advancements, the time for electric vehicles (EVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has finally arrived for the masses. However, intelligent transportation systems need to develop appropriate protocols that enable swift predictive communication among these battery-powered devices. In this paper, we highlight the challenges in message routing in a unified paradigm of electric and flying vehicles (EnFVs). We innovate over the existing routing scheme by considering multi-objective EnFVs message routing using a novel modified genetics algorithm. The proposed scheme identifies all possible solutions, outlines the Pareto-front, and considers the optimal solution for the best route. Moreover, the reliability, data rate, and residual energy of vehicles are considered to achieve high communication gains. An exhaustive evaluation of the proposed and three existing schemes using a New York City real geographical trace shows that the proposed scheme outperforms existing solutions and achieves a 90%+ packet delivery ratio, longer connectivity time, shortest average hop distance, and efficient energy consumption.

Language: en

Keywords

electric vehicles; EnFVs; genetics algorithm; multi-objective optimization; UAVs