Citation

Darwazeh R, Darwazeh M, Elzain MA, Hoz SS, Al-Kanash R. Br. J. Surg. 2022; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1093/bjs/znac316

PMID

36073201

Abstract

Less lethal weapons are designed to incapacitate individuals rather than to cause fatal injuries. These weapons include, but are not limited to, wooden batons, non-metallic bullets, foam/sponge rounds, pepper, and paint balls. Some of these were used during the First (1987-1992) and Second (2000-2005) Palestinian Intifada (Uprising) to deter crowds and/or neutralize individuals, resulting in craniocerebral injuries and even fatalities. The rubber bullet is a blunt missile intended to inflict a painful slap to incapacitate dangerous individuals, yet not cause major or lethal injuries. It is recommended to aim at the lower limbs from a distance of over 40 m (as a safe range), to avoid using them at night (poor visibility), and to avoid children...

Supplementary data:
https://academic.oup.com/bjs/advance-article/doi/10.1093/bjs/znac316/6693926?searchresult=1#supplementary-data

Language: en